co-ideational workshops or expert discussion
(
)
Type 3, new participatory methods must be used in co-ideational workshops. Type three individuals could then be invited to a separate expert discussion instead inviting them to the workshops
Quadruple Helix
co-ideational workshops or expert discussion
Type 3: the Fellow Experts
co-ideational workshops or expert discussion
Mode 2 emerges from interactions
Participation Mode
co-ideational workshops or expert discussion